Teak can withstand almost all conditions the weather can throw at it. The mechanical properties of wood open education process okfn, india the mechanical properties of wood including a discussion of the factors affecting the mechanical properties, and methods of timber testing samuel j. Properties of western hemlock 6 general description 6 natural defects reported 7 characteristics which distinguish west ern literaturehemlock from other species of wood. Wood and woodworking materialshardwoods and softwoodsmechanical propertiesworld woods, part of the workshop companion, essential information about wood, woodwork, and.
Six trees were selected from each age class from the edo state forestry plantation sites located within the forest reserves. When you are a seller of a unfinished material like teak lumber, it is sometimes hard for people to understand how our lumber is used and what types of final products it is used for. Physical and mechanical properties of selected wood. However, their properties do not match those of teak. Log qualities, wood properties and processing of teaklog from. Physical and mechanical properties of selected wood species. This agency strictly regulates the number and size of trees that can be felled, and the number of trees replanted to maintain productivity of the teak forests for. Mechanical properties refer to the strength characteristics of wood. Mechanical properties of wood structure characteristics of 35year old homegarden teak from wet and dry localities of kerala, india in comparison with plantation teak j indian academy of wood.
Despite its natural oils, teak usually glues and finishes well, though in some instances it may be necessary to wipe the surface of the wood with a solvent prior to gluingfinishing to reduce the natural oils on the surface of the wood. Some hold one type of wood to be sacred, while others believe that all wood has magic properties. Shorea wood and iroko often called african teak are known as teak substitutes. Variation of wood density and mechanical properties of. However, the longitudinal and radial variations of wood density and mechanical properties were of low magnitude and in a degree that did not. Commercial lumber pdf 551 kb hardwood lumber softwood lumber purchase of lumber. Teak is one of the most common tropical hardwood trees that has managed to become a mainstay of the wood processing industry.
Magic properties of wood wood is a remarkable substance, a gift from nature itself. Mechanical properties of young teak are the determination of its mor and moe, and it has been determined that the difference strength between sapwood and its heartwood among the age classes is not significant. Wood samples were collected from innerwood, middlewood and outerwood at 10. Wood is primarily composed of hollow, elongate, spindleshaped cells that are arranged parallel to each other along the trunk of a tree. A critical aspect of fire resistant design is assessing the postfire residual strength of the materials in the existing structures. Includes discussion of designing with wood and woodbased products along with some pertinent uses. The size of communitygrown teak plantation in major growing areas in java and eastern indonesia central bureau of statistic 2004 province number of number of trees household total 1 ready for harvest2. Pdf mechanical properties of teak wood grown in homegarden forestry and the anatomical factors influencing timber strength were.
Teak the wood database lumber identification hardwood. Comparison of teak wood properties according to forest. Effects of density on variations in the mechanical properties. As a result, wood possesses material properties that may be significantly different from other materials normally encountered in structural design. Mar 16, 2018 short rotation teak has been harvested at 710 years and long rotation teak at 4060 years. Wood properties of teak tectona grandis from a mature.
Umesh kanna 1department of tree breeding, forest college and research institute, tamil nadu agricultural university, mettupalayam, tamilnadu, india. Teak planks and teak specimens are prepared for determination of its following mechanical properties, which are including eight density, maximum lw oad, modulus of rpture u mor, and. The effects of density on variations in the mechanical properties of plantation grown tectona grandis wood aged 15, 20 and 25year were examined. Physical and mechanical properties of teak wood tectona grandis l. Wood samples were collected from a pure teak stand located. As wood and woodbased composites are being used heavily in single family residential dwellings. When lumber and other products are cut from the tree, the characteristics of these fibrous cells and their arrangement affect such properties. The worldwide market for timbers has few select wood types that are praised above others, and while few types are praised for their exquisite properties, the famous teak remains constant in a world of changing tastes. These trees bear cones and most of them have needle. Teak is sold in per cubic feet and its rate is much higher than other woods. Effect of heat on the mechanical properties of wood and wood composites arijit sinha1, rakesh gupta2, john a. Mechanical properties of teak wood flourreinforced hdpe composites.
Clear wood specimens are usually considered homogeneous in wood mechanics. Dynamic mechanical properties of high density polyethylene and teak wood flour composites. In comparison with tectona grandis, wood density of fifth year melia dubia recorded 74 per cent value of teak wood density9. Im slowly grinding my way through roughly 800 wood species that have still yet to be listed on the site. The variation of wood density and mechanical properties with site, tree and within tree longitudinal and radial were studied for blackwood acacia melanoxylon r. Teak is world wide recognized for its durability and stability, the timber is immense stable, has a high oil content that works as builtin natural water repellent and is therefore. Many of the mechanical properties of wood tabulated in this chapter were derived from extensive sampling and analysis procedures. Because of the greater density of latewood, the proportion of latewood is sometimes used to judge the strength of the wood. This lesson covers the physical and mechanical properties of wood. The project gutenberg ebook of the mechanical properties. Effects of density on variations in the mechanical. The mechanical properties of wood, including specific gracity, strength, bending strength, movement, stability, working characteristics, and common uses. This method is useful with such species as the southern pines, douglasfir.
Mechanical properties of young teak are the determination of its mor and moe. Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by project gutenberg. Top 5 uses for teak here are the most popular uses for our teak lumber. Kretschmann contents orthotropic nature of wood 41 elastic properties 42 modulus of elasticity 42 poissons ratio 42 modulus of rigidity 43 strength properties 43 common properties 43 less common properties 424 vibration properties. Technical information keruing gurjan dipterocarpus spp, dipterocarpus cornutus, dipterocarpus costulatus. Overall, the wood properties of teak from a unmanaged forest in east timor were. Structural use of hardwoods when compared with structural softwoods, hardwoods in the medium to high density ranges have greater strength and stiffness availability in longer lengths and larger sections higher density, giving superior fire resistance greater natural durability more varied aesthetic appeal as exposed members. The most common uses of teak wood are for woodwork on boats, outdoor furniture and interior and exterior. Management of teak plantations for solid wood products. Pdf mechanical properties of teak wood flourreinforced. Teak wood is expensive because its demand keeps increasing but its supply has diminished.
The wood species were machined and trimmed to standard size of 20mm x 20mm x 60mm for determination of physical properties and 10mm x 10mm x 300mm for mechanical properties. It is largely such properties that determine the use of wood for structural and building purposes and innumerable other uses of. Short rotation teak has been harvested at 710 years and long rotation teak at 4060 years. Twenty trees were randomly selected 40 cm dbh class, 3351 years of age, sampled at three stem height levels 5%, 35% and 65% of tree height and three radial positions 10%, 50% and 90% of. Often considered to be one of the most important timbers in the world, teak has managed to remain in popularity because of its rare combination of mechanical and physical properties. The most common uses of teak wood are for woodwork on boats, outdoor furniture and interior and exterior woodwork, flooring, railings and countertops. Comparative study of wood physical and mechanical properties of melia dubia with tectona grandis at different age gradation v. The mechanical properties of wood are its fitness and ability to resist applied or external forces. Pdf mechanical properties of wood structure characteristics. Sometimes it grows over 90 metres high and four and one half metres in diameter.
It has small white fragrant flowers and thin leaves. It is also known as burmese teak and is known to grow about 30 m40 m high. It has been used for ship building, bridge building, highlevel furniture and highclass house building for several hundreds of years. This moisture relationship has an important influence on wood properties and performance. Its easy to work with, and it lasts for years outdoors. Abstract teak is the preier fine furniture wood beingm grown in plantations around the world.
Teak can have a leatherlike scent when freshly milled. Orthotropic nature of wood elastic properties strength properties vibration properties mechanical properties of clear straightgrained wood natural characteristics affecting mechanical properties effects of manufacturing and service environments chapter 5. The experiment was laid out in complete block design cbd and the samples were replicated five times. Definition the mechanical properties of wood are its fitness and ability to resist applied or external forces the mechanical properties of wood considered are 1 stiffness and elasticity, 2 tensile strength, 3 compressive or crushing strength, 4 shearing strength, 5 transverse or bending strength, 6 toughness, 7 hardness, 8 cleavability, 9.
Mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength behavior of teak wood flour twf. Mechanical properties of world woods workshop companion. Strength keruing generally compares with teak in most strength categories, but it is a little stiffer, and about 40 per cent more resistant to shock loads. Mechanical properties of wood forest products laboratory. Wood handbookchapter 3physical properties and moisture. Teak wood properties teak wood info teak is one of the most valuable timbers, the king under the timbers, in ancient times considered as a royal timber. This chapter discusses the physical properties of most. By external force is meant any force outside of a given piece of material which tends to deform it in any manner. Nearly every culture throughout history has attributed magic properties to wood. Comparative study of wood physical and mechanical properties. Wood handbookchapter 4mechanical properties of wood. Mechanical properties our teak is from plantations in java which are well managed by the government agency responsible for managing indonesias extensive forests and plantations. Mar 15, 2019 teak is an attractive and rotresistant hardwood that grows in southeast asia and india.
However, the longitudi research, and some studies have been carried out using teak nal and radial variations of wood density and mechanical from different. Strength properties teak has high bending strength in the airdry condition about 12 percent moisture. Although teak was once managed on rotations of 80 to 100 years, current rotation lengths. Characteristics of young teak are intended to the variation of its grain pattern and the color intensity. Pdf mechanical properties of wood structure characteristics of 35. Hardwood plywood physical properties endtoend wood.
Im working my way alphabetically by botanical name, so check out the latest added wood to see where im at in the queue. Steam bending steam bending properties are rated as moderate. Earlywood is lighter in weight, softer, and weaker than latewood. Part of the workshop companion, a collection of information on wood, woodwork, woodworking skills, woodworking materials, and woodworking plans that together form the core knowledge needed by woodworkers, furniture makers, cabinetmakers. This paper discusses the characterization of technical properties of short and long rotation teak wood based on the chemical, anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties. A good thumb rule of woodworking states that the denser and heavier a wood, the stronger it is. Teak characteristics and uses of teak wood wood assistant. Log from community teak plantations in java and eastern indonesia. Teak wood, botanical name as tectona grandis, is one of the valuable and renown hardwood species in the world. Many of the mechanical properties of wood tabulated in this chapter. Properties of wood there are fewer species of conifers. Response to hand tools the wood responds well to hand tools but cutting edges should be kept very sharp. May 01, 2004 free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by project gutenberg.
Teak is expensive and sometimes hard to findpurchase. Abundant to all the needs of man, how poor the world would be without wood. These properties are represented as the average mechanical properties of the species. Its waterresistant yellowish heartwood that darkens with age is very well suited in outdoor construction, furniture, and boat decks, as well as many indoor applications in flooring, paneling, countertops, furniture and structural columns. Management of teak plantations for solid wood products william ladrach, president zobel forestry associates, inc. Overall, the wood properties of teak from a unmanaged forest in east timor were comparable to those reported for plantation teaks of other origin. Comparative study of wood physical and mechanical properties of. Presents properties of wood and woodbased products of particular concern to the architect and engineer. Wood, panel and structural timber products mechanical. Pdf comparison of teak wood properties according to forest.
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